الحضارة عند ابن خلدون

Abstract

Ibn Khaldun, in his famous "Muqaddimah," discusses civilization as a natural evolution of human social life, linking it to the development of states and urban settlements. He believes that civilization starts from a nomadic lifestyle (tribal and clan life) and transitions into stability and urban growth. Ibn Khaldun defines civilization as the product of interaction between humans and their environment, evolving through advancements in agriculture, industry, and the arts.

According to Ibn Khaldun, civilization goes through stages: inception, growth, flourishing, and ultimately decline. He attributes this cycle to social, economic, and political factors. He also explains that civilizations tend to become indulgent and luxurious in their later stages, which leads to their eventual weakness and collapse